The effect of antibodies in the presence of syncytia during viral infections
by Isabelle Beach and Hana M. Dobrovolny
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Many viruses can spread by fusing cells into multi-nucleated cells called syncytia. This model examines how the effectiveness of antibodies is affected by the presence of syncytia, finding that spreading through syncytia formation protects the virus from elimination by antibodies.

A mathematical model of syncytia-forming virus with an antibody response.